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DOCKER_PUBLISH.md

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+# Docker Build & Publish Guide
+
+This guide explains how to package the project into Docker images and push them to a registry.
+
+## Prerequisites
+- Docker Desktop / Docker Engine
+- Network access to the registry
+- Registry login credentials
+
+## Files you need
+These files are required to build and publish:
+- `ems-backend/Dockerfile`
+- `ems-frontend/Dockerfile`
+- `ems-frontend/nginx.conf`
+- `docker-compose.yml` (optional for local test)
+- `.env` (do **not** publish; keep secrets local)
+
+## 1) Build images locally
+From the project root:
+```bash
+docker build -t <REGISTRY>/<NAME>/ems-backend:latest ./ems-backend
+docker build -t <REGISTRY>/<NAME>/ems-frontend:latest --build-arg VITE_API_BASE_URL=/api ./ems-frontend
+```
+
+Examples:
+- Docker Hub:
+```bash
+docker build -t <dockerhub_user>/ems-backend:latest ./ems-backend
+docker build -t <dockerhub_user>/ems-frontend:latest --build-arg VITE_API_BASE_URL=/api ./ems-frontend
+```
+- Private registry:
+```bash
+docker build -t docker.aizhangz.top/ems-backend:latest ./ems-backend
+docker build -t docker.aizhangz.top/ems-frontend:latest --build-arg VITE_API_BASE_URL=/api ./ems-frontend
+```
+
+## 2) Login to registry
+```bash
+docker login <REGISTRY>
+```
+
+Examples:
+```bash
+docker login docker.aizhangz.top
+```
+
+## 3) Push images
+```bash
+docker push <REGISTRY>/<NAME>/ems-backend:latest
+docker push <REGISTRY>/<NAME>/ems-frontend:latest
+```
+
+Examples (private registry):
+```bash
+docker push docker.aizhangz.top/ems-backend:latest
+docker push docker.aizhangz.top/ems-frontend:latest
+```
+
+## 4) Verify
+Pull once to confirm:
+```bash
+docker pull <REGISTRY>/<NAME>/ems-backend:latest
+docker pull <REGISTRY>/<NAME>/ems-frontend:latest
+```
+
+## Notes
+- Never commit `.env` with secrets.
+- If using a public registry, remove sensitive configs from images.
+- For local run with images, use `docker-compose.hub.yml` or `docker-compose.private.yml`.