1439 lines
47 KiB
Markdown
1439 lines
47 KiB
Markdown
# EMS环境监测系统技术答辩稿
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## 开场白
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各位评委老师好!今天我将为大家展示一个基于Spring Boot微服务架构的智能环境监测系统(EMS)。这个系统不仅仅是一个简单的CRUD应用,而是一个融合了现代企业级开发最佳实践的复杂分布式系统。让我们一起探索这个系统背后的技术奥秘。
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---
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## 第一部分:架构设计的哲学思考
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### 为什么选择分层架构?解耦的艺术
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**设问**:在面对复杂的业务需求时,我们如何确保代码的可维护性和可扩展性?
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答案就在于**分层架构**的设计哲学。我们的系统采用了经典的四层架构模式:
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```
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Controller Layer (控制层) → Service Layer (业务层) → Repository Layer (数据访问层) → Model Layer (数据模型层)
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```
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这种设计遵循了**单一职责原则**和**依赖倒置原则**,实现了真正的**高内聚、低耦合**。每一层都有明确的职责边界,层与层之间通过接口进行通信,这样的设计使得我们可以独立地修改某一层的实现,而不会影响到其他层。
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**技术亮点**:我们使用了Spring的**依赖注入(DI)**容器来管理对象的生命周期,通过`@Autowired`注解实现了**控制反转(IoC)**,这是企业级应用开发的核心设计模式。
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---
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## 第二部分:Controller层的RESTful设计艺术
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### 为什么我们需要14个专业化的Controller?
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**设问**:传统的单体应用往往将所有功能堆砌在一个Controller中,这样做有什么问题?
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我们的系统包含了14个专业化的Controller,每个Controller都专注于特定的业务领域:
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#### AuthController - 认证控制器的安全哲学
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```java
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@RestController
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@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
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@Validated
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public class AuthController {
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@PostMapping("/login")
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public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<JwtAuthenticationResponse>> authenticateUser(
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@Valid @RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
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// JWT令牌生成逻辑
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}
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}
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```
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**技术深度解析**:
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- **@RestController**:这是Spring Boot的组合注解,等价于`@Controller + @ResponseBody`,自动将返回值序列化为JSON
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- **@Validated**:启用方法级别的参数验证,配合`@Valid`实现数据校验的**AOP切面编程**
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- **ResponseEntity**:提供了对HTTP响应的完全控制,包括状态码、头部信息和响应体
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**设计思考**:为什么不直接返回对象,而要包装在`ApiResponse`中?这体现了**统一响应格式**的设计模式,确保前端能够以一致的方式处理所有API响应。
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#### DashboardController - 数据可视化的技术挑战
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**设问**:如何在不影响系统性能的前提下,为决策者提供实时的数据洞察?
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```java
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@GetMapping("/stats")
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@PreAuthorize("hasRole('DECISION_MAKER')")
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public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<DashboardStatsDTO>> getDashboardStats() {
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// 复杂的数据聚合逻辑
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}
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```
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**技术亮点**:
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- **@PreAuthorize**:这是Spring Security的方法级安全注解,实现了**基于角色的访问控制(RBAC)**
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- **数据聚合优化**:我们在Repository层使用了复杂的JPQL查询和原生SQL,将计算下推到数据库层,避免了在应用层进行大量数据处理
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---
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## 第三部分:Service层的业务编排艺术
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### 为什么业务逻辑需要如此复杂的编排?
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**设问**:简单的CRUD操作为什么需要这么多Service类?这不是过度设计吗?
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让我们看看`TaskManagementServiceImpl`的复杂性:
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```java
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@Service
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@Transactional
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public class TaskManagementServiceImpl implements TaskManagementService {
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@Autowired
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private TaskRepository taskRepository;
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@Autowired
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private FeedbackRepository feedbackRepository;
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@Autowired
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private ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher;
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@Override
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public TaskDTO createTaskFromFeedback(Long feedbackId, TaskFromFeedbackDTO dto) {
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// 1. 获取并验证反馈
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Feedback feedback = feedbackRepository.findById(feedbackId)
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.orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException("Feedback not found"));
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// 2. 业务规则验证
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if (feedback.getStatus() == FeedbackStatus.PROCESSED) {
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throw new BusinessException("Feedback already processed");
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}
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// 3. 创建任务实体
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Task task = Task.builder()
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.title(dto.getTitle())
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.description(feedback.getDescription())
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.location(feedback.getLocation())
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.feedback(feedback)
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.status(TaskStatus.PENDING)
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.build();
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// 4. 事务性操作
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Task savedTask = taskRepository.save(task);
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feedback.setStatus(FeedbackStatus.PROCESSED);
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feedbackRepository.save(feedback);
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// 5. 发布领域事件
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eventPublisher.publishEvent(new TaskCreatedEvent(savedTask));
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return modelMapper.map(savedTask, TaskDTO.class);
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}
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}
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```
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**技术深度解析**:
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1. **@Transactional**:这是Spring的声明式事务管理,确保方法内的所有数据库操作要么全部成功,要么全部回滚,保证了数据的**ACID特性**
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2. **Builder模式**:使用Lombok的`@Builder`注解生成建造者模式代码,提高了对象创建的可读性和安全性
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3. **事件驱动架构**:通过`ApplicationEventPublisher`发布领域事件,实现了模块间的**松耦合**通信
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4. **ModelMapper**:使用对象映射框架避免手动的属性拷贝,减少了样板代码
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**设计哲学**:这种复杂性是必要的,因为它体现了**领域驱动设计(DDD)**的思想,每个Service都是一个业务能力的封装,确保了业务逻辑的完整性和一致性。
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### AuthServiceImpl - 安全认证的技术堡垒
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**设问**:在当今网络安全威胁日益严重的环境下,我们如何构建一个既安全又用户友好的认证系统?
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```java
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@Service
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public class AuthServiceImpl implements AuthService {
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@Autowired
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private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
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@Autowired
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private JwtTokenProvider tokenProvider;
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@Autowired
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private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
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@Override
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public JwtAuthenticationResponse authenticateUser(LoginRequest loginRequest) {
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// 1. Spring Security认证
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Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(
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new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
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loginRequest.getUsername(),
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loginRequest.getPassword()
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)
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);
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// 2. 设置安全上下文
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SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
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// 3. 生成JWT令牌
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String jwt = tokenProvider.generateToken(authentication);
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return new JwtAuthenticationResponse(jwt);
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}
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}
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```
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**技术亮点**:
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1. **AuthenticationManager**:Spring Security的核心认证管理器,支持多种认证提供者的**策略模式**
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2. **JWT(JSON Web Token)**:无状态的令牌认证机制,支持分布式系统的**水平扩展**
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3. **BCrypt密码编码**:使用自适应哈希算法,具有**盐值**和**工作因子**,抵御彩虹表攻击
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---
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## 第四部分:Repository层的数据访问艺术
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### 为什么我们需要如此复杂的数据访问层?
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**设问**:直接使用SQL不是更简单吗?为什么要引入这么多抽象层?
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让我们看看`FeedbackRepository`的设计:
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```java
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@Repository
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public interface FeedbackRepository extends JpaRepository<Feedback, Long>,
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JpaSpecificationExecutor<Feedback> {
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// 方法名查询 - Spring Data JPA的魔法
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List<Feedback> findByStatus(FeedbackStatus status);
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Page<Feedback> findBySubmitterId(Long submitterId, Pageable pageable);
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// 自定义JPQL查询 - 面向对象的查询语言
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@Query("SELECT new com.dne.ems.dto.HeatmapPointDTO(f.gridX, f.gridY, COUNT(f.id)) " +
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"FROM Feedback f WHERE f.status = 'CONFIRMED' " +
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"AND f.gridX IS NOT NULL AND f.gridY IS NOT NULL " +
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"GROUP BY f.gridX, f.gridY")
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List<HeatmapPointDTO> getHeatmapData();
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// 性能优化 - EntityGraph解决N+1问题
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@Override
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@EntityGraph(attributePaths = {"user", "attachments"})
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Page<Feedback> findAll(Specification<Feedback> spec, Pageable pageable);
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}
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```
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**技术深度解析**:
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1. **Spring Data JPA**:这是Spring生态系统中的数据访问抽象层,它通过**代理模式**自动生成Repository实现类
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2. **方法名查询**:基于方法名的**约定优于配置**原则,Spring会自动解析方法名并生成相应的查询
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3. **JPQL(Java Persistence Query Language)**:面向对象的查询语言,具有数据库无关性
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4. **EntityGraph**:JPA 2.1引入的性能优化特性,通过**预加载**策略解决N+1查询问题
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5. **Specification模式**:实现了**动态查询**的构建,支持复杂的条件组合
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### AqiDataRepository - 大数据处理的技术挑战
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**设问**:面对海量的环境监测数据,我们如何确保查询性能?
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```java
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@Repository
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public interface AqiDataRepository extends JpaRepository<AqiData, Long> {
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// 复杂的统计查询
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@Query("SELECT new com.dne.ems.dto.AqiDistributionDTO(" +
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"CASE WHEN a.aqiValue <= 50 THEN 'Good' " +
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"WHEN a.aqiValue <= 100 THEN 'Moderate' " +
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"WHEN a.aqiValue <= 150 THEN 'Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups' " +
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"WHEN a.aqiValue <= 200 THEN 'Unhealthy' " +
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"WHEN a.aqiValue <= 300 THEN 'Very Unhealthy' " +
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"ELSE 'Hazardous' END, COUNT(a.id)) " +
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"FROM AqiData a GROUP BY 1")
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List<AqiDistributionDTO> getAqiDistribution();
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// 原生SQL查询 - 性能优化
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@Query(value = "SELECT DATE_FORMAT(record_time, '%Y-%m') as yearMonth, " +
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"COUNT(id) as count FROM aqi_data " +
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"WHERE aqi_value > 100 AND record_time >= :startDate " +
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"GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(record_time, '%Y-%m') ORDER BY 1",
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nativeQuery = true)
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List<Object[]> getMonthlyExceedanceTrendRaw(@Param("startDate") LocalDateTime startDate);
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// 默认方法 - 数据转换
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default List<TrendDataPointDTO> getMonthlyExceedanceTrend(LocalDateTime startDate) {
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List<Object[]> rawResults = getMonthlyExceedanceTrendRaw(startDate);
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return rawResults.stream()
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.map(row -> new TrendDataPointDTO((String) row[0], ((Number) row[1]).longValue()))
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.toList();
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}
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}
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```
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**技术亮点**:
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1. **原生SQL查询**:在需要极致性能时,我们使用原生SQL直接操作数据库
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2. **默认方法**:Java 8的接口默认方法特性,允许我们在接口中提供数据转换逻辑
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3. **Stream API**:函数式编程范式,提供了优雅的数据处理方式
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4. **DTO投影**:直接将查询结果映射到DTO对象,避免了不必要的数据传输
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---
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## 第五部分:Security模块的安全防护体系
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### 为什么安全性需要如此复杂的设计?
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**设问**:在微服务架构中,我们如何构建一个既安全又高效的认证授权体系?
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我们的安全模块包含四个核心组件:
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#### JwtAuthenticationFilter - 无状态认证的守护者
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```java
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@Component
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public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
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@Autowired
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private JwtService jwtService;
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@Autowired
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private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
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@Override
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protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
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HttpServletResponse response,
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FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
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// 1. 提取JWT令牌
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String authHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");
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if (authHeader == null || !authHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
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filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
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return;
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}
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String jwt = authHeader.substring(7);
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String username = jwtService.extractUsername(jwt);
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// 2. 验证令牌并设置安全上下文
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if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
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UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
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if (jwtService.isTokenValid(jwt, userDetails)) {
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UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authToken =
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new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
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userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
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authToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
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SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authToken);
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}
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}
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filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
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}
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}
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```
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**技术深度解析**:
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1. **OncePerRequestFilter**:确保过滤器在每个请求中只执行一次,避免重复处理
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2. **责任链模式**:FilterChain体现了责任链设计模式,每个过滤器处理特定的关注点
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3. **ThreadLocal安全上下文**:SecurityContextHolder使用ThreadLocal存储认证信息,确保线程安全
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4. **无状态设计**:JWT令牌包含了所有必要的用户信息,支持水平扩展
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#### SecurityConfig - 安全策略的总指挥
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```java
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@Configuration
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@EnableWebSecurity
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@EnableMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
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public class SecurityConfig {
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@Bean
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public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
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http
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.csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable()) // 禁用CSRF(无状态应用)
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.sessionManagement(session ->
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session.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)) // 无状态会话
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.authorizeHttpRequests(authz -> authz
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.requestMatchers("/api/auth/**", "/api/public/**").permitAll()
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.requestMatchers("/api/dashboard/**").hasRole("DECISION_MAKER")
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.requestMatchers("/api/supervisor/**").hasAnyRole("SUPERVISOR", "ADMIN")
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.requestMatchers("/api/worker/**").hasRole("GRID_WORKER")
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.anyRequest().authenticated()
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)
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.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
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return http.build();
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}
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@Bean
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public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
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return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(12); // 工作因子12,平衡安全性和性能
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}
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}
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```
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**技术亮点**:
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1. **@EnableMethodSecurity**:启用方法级安全控制,支持`@PreAuthorize`等注解
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2. **流式API配置**:Spring Security 5.7+的新配置方式,更加直观和类型安全
|
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3. **细粒度权限控制**:基于URL模式和角色的访问控制
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4. **BCrypt算法**:自适应哈希算法,工作因子可调,抵御暴力破解
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---
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## 第六部分:Model层的领域建模艺术
|
||
|
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### 为什么需要如此复杂的实体关系?
|
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|
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**设问**:简单的数据表不就够了吗?为什么要设计这么复杂的实体关系?
|
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|
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让我们看看`UserAccount`实体的设计:
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|
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```java
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@Entity
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@Table(name = "user_accounts")
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@Data
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@Builder
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@NoArgsConstructor
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@AllArgsConstructor
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public class UserAccount {
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@Id
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@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
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private Long id;
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@Column(unique = true, nullable = false)
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@Email
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private String email;
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@Column(nullable = false)
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@Size(min = 8)
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private String password;
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@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
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@Column(nullable = false)
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private Role role;
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@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
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@Builder.Default
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private UserStatus status = UserStatus.ACTIVE;
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// 网格坐标(用于网格员)
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private Integer gridX;
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private Integer gridY;
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// 审计字段
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@CreationTimestamp
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@Column(updatable = false)
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private LocalDateTime createdAt;
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@UpdateTimestamp
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private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
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// 关系映射
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@OneToMany(mappedBy = "submitter", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
|
||
private List<Feedback> submittedFeedbacks = new ArrayList<>();
|
||
|
||
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "assignee", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
|
||
private List<Task> assignedTasks = new ArrayList<>();
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术深度解析**:
|
||
|
||
1. **JPA注解体系**:
|
||
- `@Entity`:标识为JPA实体
|
||
- `@Table`:指定数据库表名
|
||
- `@Id`和`@GeneratedValue`:主键策略
|
||
- `@Column`:列约束和属性
|
||
|
||
2. **Lombok注解魔法**:
|
||
- `@Data`:自动生成getter/setter/toString/equals/hashCode
|
||
- `@Builder`:建造者模式,提高对象创建的可读性
|
||
- `@NoArgsConstructor`和`@AllArgsConstructor`:构造器生成
|
||
|
||
3. **枚举映射**:`@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)`确保数据库存储的是枚举的字符串值,提高可读性
|
||
|
||
4. **审计功能**:`@CreationTimestamp`和`@UpdateTimestamp`自动管理时间戳
|
||
|
||
5. **关系映射**:`@OneToMany`建立了实体间的关联关系,支持对象导航
|
||
|
||
### Feedback实体 - 复杂业务的数据载体
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Entity
|
||
@Table(name = "feedbacks")
|
||
@Data
|
||
@Builder
|
||
@NoArgsConstructor
|
||
@AllArgsConstructor
|
||
public class Feedback {
|
||
|
||
@Id
|
||
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
|
||
private Long id;
|
||
|
||
@Column(unique = true, nullable = false)
|
||
private String eventId; // 业务唯一标识
|
||
|
||
@Column(columnDefinition = "TEXT")
|
||
private String description;
|
||
|
||
@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
|
||
@Builder.Default
|
||
private FeedbackStatus status = FeedbackStatus.PENDING;
|
||
|
||
@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
|
||
private PollutionType pollutionType;
|
||
|
||
// 地理信息
|
||
private String location;
|
||
private Integer gridX;
|
||
private Integer gridY;
|
||
|
||
// 关联关系
|
||
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
|
||
@JoinColumn(name = "submitter_id")
|
||
private UserAccount submitter;
|
||
|
||
@OneToOne(mappedBy = "feedback", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
|
||
private Task relatedTask;
|
||
|
||
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "feedback", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
|
||
private List<Attachment> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
|
||
|
||
// 自定义转换器
|
||
@Convert(converter = StringListConverter.class)
|
||
private List<String> tags = new ArrayList<>();
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**设计亮点**:
|
||
|
||
1. **业务标识符**:`eventId`作为业务唯一标识,与技术主键`id`分离
|
||
|
||
2. **状态机模式**:`FeedbackStatus`枚举定义了反馈的生命周期状态
|
||
|
||
3. **地理信息建模**:支持文本地址和网格坐标两种定位方式
|
||
|
||
4. **自定义转换器**:`StringListConverter`将List<String>转换为数据库的JSON字段
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 第七部分:高级特性与算法实现
|
||
|
||
### A*寻路算法 - 智能路径规划的核心
|
||
|
||
**设问**:在复杂的城市环境中,我们如何为网格员规划最优的任务执行路径?
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class AStarService {
|
||
|
||
public List<Point> findPath(Point start, Point goal, int[][] grid) {
|
||
PriorityQueue<Node> openSet = new PriorityQueue<>(Comparator.comparingDouble(Node::getF));
|
||
Set<Point> closedSet = new HashSet<>();
|
||
Map<Point, Node> allNodes = new HashMap<>();
|
||
|
||
Node startNode = new Node(start, 0, heuristic(start, goal), null);
|
||
openSet.add(startNode);
|
||
allNodes.put(start, startNode);
|
||
|
||
while (!openSet.isEmpty()) {
|
||
Node current = openSet.poll();
|
||
|
||
if (current.getPoint().equals(goal)) {
|
||
return reconstructPath(current);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
closedSet.add(current.getPoint());
|
||
|
||
for (Point neighbor : getNeighbors(current.getPoint(), grid)) {
|
||
if (closedSet.contains(neighbor) || isObstacle(neighbor, grid)) {
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
double tentativeG = current.getG() + distance(current.getPoint(), neighbor);
|
||
|
||
Node neighborNode = allNodes.get(neighbor);
|
||
if (neighborNode == null) {
|
||
neighborNode = new Node(neighbor, tentativeG, heuristic(neighbor, goal), current);
|
||
allNodes.put(neighbor, neighborNode);
|
||
openSet.add(neighborNode);
|
||
} else if (tentativeG < neighborNode.getG()) {
|
||
neighborNode.setG(tentativeG);
|
||
neighborNode.setF(tentativeG + neighborNode.getH());
|
||
neighborNode.setParent(current);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return Collections.emptyList(); // 无路径
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private double heuristic(Point a, Point b) {
|
||
// 曼哈顿距离启发式函数
|
||
return Math.abs(a.getX() - b.getX()) + Math.abs(a.getY() - b.getY());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**算法亮点**:
|
||
|
||
1. **优先队列**:使用`PriorityQueue`实现开放集合,确保总是选择f值最小的节点
|
||
|
||
2. **启发式函数**:曼哈顿距离作为启发式函数,保证算法的最优性
|
||
|
||
3. **路径重构**:通过父节点指针重构最优路径
|
||
|
||
4. **空间复杂度优化**:使用HashMap存储所有节点,避免重复创建
|
||
|
||
### 智能任务推荐算法
|
||
|
||
**设问**:面对众多的网格员,我们如何智能地推荐最合适的任务执行者?
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class TaskRecommendationService {
|
||
|
||
public List<WorkerRecommendationDTO> recommendWorkersForTask(Long taskId) {
|
||
Task task = taskRepository.findById(taskId)
|
||
.orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException("Task not found"));
|
||
|
||
List<UserAccount> availableWorkers = userRepository
|
||
.findByRoleAndStatus(Role.GRID_WORKER, UserStatus.ACTIVE);
|
||
|
||
return availableWorkers.stream()
|
||
.map(worker -> calculateWorkerScore(worker, task))
|
||
.sorted(Comparator.comparingDouble(WorkerRecommendationDTO::getScore).reversed())
|
||
.collect(Collectors.toList());
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private WorkerRecommendationDTO calculateWorkerScore(UserAccount worker, Task task) {
|
||
double distanceScore = calculateDistanceScore(worker, task); // 40%权重
|
||
double workloadScore = calculateWorkloadScore(worker); // 30%权重
|
||
double skillScore = calculateSkillScore(worker, task); // 20%权重
|
||
double performanceScore = calculatePerformanceScore(worker); // 10%权重
|
||
|
||
double totalScore = distanceScore * 0.4 + workloadScore * 0.3 +
|
||
skillScore * 0.2 + performanceScore * 0.1;
|
||
|
||
return WorkerRecommendationDTO.builder()
|
||
.workerId(worker.getId())
|
||
.workerName(worker.getName())
|
||
.score(totalScore)
|
||
.distanceScore(distanceScore)
|
||
.workloadScore(workloadScore)
|
||
.skillScore(skillScore)
|
||
.performanceScore(performanceScore)
|
||
.build();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private double calculateDistanceScore(UserAccount worker, Task task) {
|
||
if (worker.getGridX() == null || worker.getGridY() == null) {
|
||
return 0.0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
double distance = Math.sqrt(
|
||
Math.pow(worker.getGridX() - task.getGridX(), 2) +
|
||
Math.pow(worker.getGridY() - task.getGridY(), 2)
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
double maxDistance = 50.0; // 最大考虑距离
|
||
return Math.max(0, (maxDistance - distance) / maxDistance);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**算法特点**:
|
||
|
||
1. **多维度评分**:综合考虑距离、工作负载、技能匹配和历史表现
|
||
|
||
2. **加权评分模型**:不同维度采用不同权重,可根据业务需求调整
|
||
|
||
3. **流式处理**:使用Stream API进行函数式编程,代码简洁高效
|
||
|
||
4. **可扩展性**:评分算法可以轻松添加新的评分维度
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 第八部分:事件驱动架构的异步魅力
|
||
|
||
### 为什么选择事件驱动架构?
|
||
|
||
**设问**:传统的同步调用方式有什么问题?为什么要引入事件驱动的复杂性?
|
||
|
||
让我们看看事件驱动架构的实现:
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
// 事件定义
|
||
@Getter
|
||
@AllArgsConstructor
|
||
public class TaskCreatedEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
|
||
private final Task task;
|
||
|
||
public TaskCreatedEvent(Object source, Task task) {
|
||
super(source);
|
||
this.task = task;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 事件发布
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class TaskManagementServiceImpl {
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher;
|
||
|
||
public TaskDTO createTask(TaskCreateDTO dto) {
|
||
Task task = // ... 创建任务逻辑
|
||
Task savedTask = taskRepository.save(task);
|
||
|
||
// 发布事件 - 异步处理
|
||
eventPublisher.publishEvent(new TaskCreatedEvent(this, savedTask));
|
||
|
||
return modelMapper.map(savedTask, TaskDTO.class);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 事件监听
|
||
@Component
|
||
public class TaskEventListener {
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private NotificationService notificationService;
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private AuditService auditService;
|
||
|
||
@EventListener
|
||
@Async
|
||
public void handleTaskCreated(TaskCreatedEvent event) {
|
||
Task task = event.getTask();
|
||
|
||
// 异步发送通知
|
||
notificationService.sendTaskAssignmentNotification(task);
|
||
|
||
// 异步记录审计日志
|
||
auditService.logTaskCreation(task);
|
||
|
||
// 异步更新统计数据
|
||
statisticsService.updateTaskStatistics(task);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术优势**:
|
||
|
||
1. **解耦合**:事件发布者和监听者之间没有直接依赖关系
|
||
|
||
2. **异步处理**:`@Async`注解实现异步执行,提高系统响应性
|
||
|
||
3. **可扩展性**:可以轻松添加新的事件监听器,不影响现有代码
|
||
|
||
4. **容错性**:某个监听器失败不会影响其他监听器的执行
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 第九部分:性能优化的技术手段
|
||
|
||
### 数据库查询优化策略
|
||
|
||
**设问**:面对大量的数据查询需求,我们如何确保系统的高性能?
|
||
|
||
#### 1. EntityGraph解决N+1查询问题
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Repository
|
||
public interface FeedbackRepository extends JpaRepository<Feedback, Long> {
|
||
|
||
@EntityGraph(attributePaths = {"submitter", "attachments", "relatedTask"})
|
||
@Query("SELECT f FROM Feedback f WHERE f.status = :status")
|
||
List<Feedback> findByStatusWithDetails(@Param("status") FeedbackStatus status);
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术原理**:EntityGraph告诉JPA在执行查询时一次性加载相关联的实体,避免了懒加载导致的N+1查询问题。
|
||
|
||
#### 2. 分页查询优化
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class FeedbackService {
|
||
|
||
public Page<FeedbackDTO> getFeedbacks(FeedbackSearchCriteria criteria, Pageable pageable) {
|
||
Specification<Feedback> spec = FeedbackSpecification.buildSpecification(criteria);
|
||
Page<Feedback> feedbacks = feedbackRepository.findAll(spec, pageable);
|
||
|
||
return feedbacks.map(feedback -> modelMapper.map(feedback, FeedbackDTO.class));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**优化策略**:
|
||
- 使用Specification动态构建查询条件
|
||
- 利用数据库索引优化排序和过滤
|
||
- 在DTO转换时避免加载不必要的关联数据
|
||
|
||
#### 3. 缓存策略
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class UserService {
|
||
|
||
@Cacheable(value = "users", key = "#email")
|
||
public UserAccount findByEmail(String email) {
|
||
return userRepository.findByEmail(email)
|
||
.orElseThrow(() -> new UserNotFoundException("User not found"));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@CacheEvict(value = "users", key = "#user.email")
|
||
public UserAccount updateUser(UserAccount user) {
|
||
return userRepository.save(user);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**缓存优势**:
|
||
- 减少数据库访问次数
|
||
- 提高频繁查询的响应速度
|
||
- 支持分布式缓存扩展
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 第十部分:系统的技术创新点
|
||
|
||
### 1. 智能AI预审核系统
|
||
|
||
**设问**:如何将人工智能技术融入到传统的政务系统中?
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class AiReviewService {
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
|
||
|
||
public AiReviewResult reviewFeedback(Feedback feedback) {
|
||
// 构建AI分析请求
|
||
AiAnalysisRequest request = AiAnalysisRequest.builder()
|
||
.text(feedback.getDescription())
|
||
.imageUrls(feedback.getAttachments().stream()
|
||
.map(Attachment::getFileUrl)
|
||
.collect(Collectors.toList()))
|
||
.location(feedback.getLocation())
|
||
.build();
|
||
|
||
// 调用AI服务
|
||
ResponseEntity<AiAnalysisResponse> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(
|
||
aiServiceUrl + "/analyze", request, AiAnalysisResponse.class);
|
||
|
||
AiAnalysisResponse analysisResult = response.getBody();
|
||
|
||
// 构建审核结果
|
||
return AiReviewResult.builder()
|
||
.isValid(analysisResult.getConfidence() > 0.8)
|
||
.confidence(analysisResult.getConfidence())
|
||
.category(analysisResult.getCategory())
|
||
.urgencyLevel(analysisResult.getUrgencyLevel())
|
||
.suggestedActions(analysisResult.getSuggestedActions())
|
||
.build();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**创新点**:
|
||
- **多模态分析**:同时分析文本和图像内容
|
||
- **智能分类**:自动识别问题类型和紧急程度
|
||
- **置信度评估**:提供AI判断的可信度指标
|
||
|
||
### 2. 实时数据大屏技术
|
||
|
||
**设问**:如何为决策者提供实时、直观的数据洞察?
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@RestController
|
||
@RequestMapping("/api/dashboard")
|
||
public class DashboardController {
|
||
|
||
@GetMapping("/realtime-stats")
|
||
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('DECISION_MAKER')")
|
||
public SseEmitter getRealtimeStats() {
|
||
SseEmitter emitter = new SseEmitter(Long.MAX_VALUE);
|
||
|
||
// 异步推送实时数据
|
||
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
|
||
try {
|
||
while (true) {
|
||
DashboardStatsDTO stats = dashboardService.getCurrentStats();
|
||
emitter.send(SseEmitter.event()
|
||
.name("stats-update")
|
||
.data(stats));
|
||
|
||
Thread.sleep(5000); // 每5秒推送一次
|
||
}
|
||
} catch (Exception e) {
|
||
emitter.completeWithError(e);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
return emitter;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术特点**:
|
||
- **Server-Sent Events (SSE)**:实现服务器主动推送数据
|
||
- **异步处理**:使用CompletableFuture避免阻塞主线程
|
||
- **实时性**:数据更新延迟控制在秒级
|
||
|
||
### 3. 地理信息系统集成
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class GeoService {
|
||
|
||
public List<HeatmapPointDTO> generateHeatmapData(String dataType, LocalDateTime startTime) {
|
||
switch (dataType) {
|
||
case "feedback":
|
||
return feedbackRepository.getHeatmapData();
|
||
case "aqi":
|
||
return aqiDataRepository.getAqiHeatmapData();
|
||
case "task":
|
||
return taskRepository.getTaskHeatmapData(startTime);
|
||
default:
|
||
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported data type: " + dataType);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public GridCoverageDTO calculateGridCoverage() {
|
||
long totalGrids = gridRepository.count();
|
||
long coveredGrids = gridRepository.countByIsObstacleFalse();
|
||
|
||
return GridCoverageDTO.builder()
|
||
.totalGrids(totalGrids)
|
||
.coveredGrids(coveredGrids)
|
||
.coverageRate((double) coveredGrids / totalGrids * 100)
|
||
.build();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**GIS特性**:
|
||
- **热力图生成**:基于地理坐标的数据可视化
|
||
- **网格覆盖分析**:计算监测网络的覆盖率
|
||
- **空间查询**:支持基于地理位置的数据查询
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 第十一部分:系统的技术特色
|
||
|
||
### 设问:我们的系统有哪些值得关注的技术特点?
|
||
|
||
除了基础功能实现,我们的EMS系统还融入了一些实用的技术特色,让系统更加稳定和高效。
|
||
|
||
#### 1. 多任务处理能力
|
||
|
||
**应用场景**:当系统需要同时处理多个用户的请求时,比如多个网格员同时上报数据。
|
||
|
||
**解决方案**:我们使用了异步处理技术,让系统能够同时处理多个任务,提高响应速度。
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
// 异步任务配置
|
||
@Configuration
|
||
@EnableAsync
|
||
public class AsyncConfig {
|
||
|
||
@Bean
|
||
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor() {
|
||
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
|
||
|
||
// 设置合适的线程数量
|
||
executor.setCorePoolSize(4);
|
||
executor.setMaxPoolSize(8);
|
||
executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
|
||
|
||
// 设置线程名称,方便调试
|
||
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("EMS-Task-");
|
||
|
||
executor.initialize();
|
||
return executor;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 异步任务示例
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class NotificationService {
|
||
|
||
@Async
|
||
public void sendNotification(String message) {
|
||
// 发送通知的逻辑
|
||
System.out.println("发送通知: " + message);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术优势**:
|
||
- **提高响应速度**:用户操作不会被耗时任务阻塞
|
||
- **合理利用资源**:根据服务器性能配置线程数量
|
||
- **便于问题排查**:通过线程名称快速定位问题
|
||
|
||
#### 2. 任务分配的安全机制
|
||
|
||
**应用场景**:当多个管理员同时分配同一个任务时,需要确保任务不会被重复分配。
|
||
|
||
**解决方案**:使用Redis实现任务锁定机制,确保同一时间只有一个操作能够分配特定任务。
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Component
|
||
public class TaskLockService {
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 尝试锁定任务
|
||
*/
|
||
public boolean lockTask(String taskId) {
|
||
String lockKey = "task:lock:" + taskId;
|
||
String lockValue = "locked";
|
||
|
||
// 设置锁,30秒后自动过期
|
||
Boolean success = redisTemplate.opsForValue()
|
||
.setIfAbsent(lockKey, lockValue, Duration.ofSeconds(30));
|
||
|
||
return Boolean.TRUE.equals(success);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 释放任务锁
|
||
*/
|
||
public void unlockTask(String taskId) {
|
||
String lockKey = "task:lock:" + taskId;
|
||
redisTemplate.delete(lockKey);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 任务分配服务
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class TaskAssignmentService {
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private TaskLockService lockService;
|
||
|
||
public boolean assignTask(Long taskId, Long workerId) {
|
||
String taskIdStr = taskId.toString();
|
||
|
||
// 尝试锁定任务
|
||
if (!lockService.lockTask(taskIdStr)) {
|
||
throw new BusinessException("任务正在被处理,请稍后重试");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
try {
|
||
// 检查任务状态
|
||
Task task = taskRepository.findById(taskId)
|
||
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("任务不存在"));
|
||
|
||
if (task.getStatus() != TaskStatus.PENDING) {
|
||
throw new BusinessException("任务已被分配");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 分配任务
|
||
task.setAssigneeId(workerId);
|
||
task.setStatus(TaskStatus.ASSIGNED);
|
||
task.setAssignedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
|
||
|
||
taskRepository.save(task);
|
||
|
||
return true;
|
||
|
||
} finally {
|
||
// 释放锁
|
||
lockService.unlockTask(taskIdStr);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术优势**:
|
||
- **防止重复分配**:确保任务分配的唯一性
|
||
- **自动释放机制**:避免系统卡死
|
||
- **简单可靠**:使用成熟稳定的技术方案
|
||
|
||
#### 3. 智能任务推荐功能
|
||
|
||
**应用场景**:当有新任务需要分配时,系统能够自动推荐最合适的网格员。
|
||
|
||
**解决方案**:根据不同的任务类型,使用不同的推荐规则来选择最合适的人员。
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
// 任务推荐服务
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class TaskRecommendationService {
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 推荐合适的网格员
|
||
*/
|
||
public List<WorkerRecommendation> recommendWorkers(Task task) {
|
||
List<UserAccount> availableWorkers = getAvailableWorkers();
|
||
|
||
// 根据任务类型选择推荐方式
|
||
if (task.isUrgent()) {
|
||
return recommendByDistance(task, availableWorkers);
|
||
} else {
|
||
return recommendByExperience(task, availableWorkers);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 基于距离推荐(紧急任务)
|
||
*/
|
||
private List<WorkerRecommendation> recommendByDistance(Task task, List<UserAccount> workers) {
|
||
return workers.stream()
|
||
.map(worker -> {
|
||
double distance = calculateDistance(worker.getLocation(), task.getLocation());
|
||
int score = (int) (100 - distance * 10); // 距离越近分数越高
|
||
|
||
return new WorkerRecommendation(
|
||
worker.getId(),
|
||
worker.getName(),
|
||
score,
|
||
"距离任务地点 " + String.format("%.1f", distance) + " 公里"
|
||
);
|
||
})
|
||
.sorted((a, b) -> Integer.compare(b.getScore(), a.getScore()))
|
||
.limit(5)
|
||
.collect(Collectors.toList());
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 基于经验推荐(普通任务)
|
||
*/
|
||
private List<WorkerRecommendation> recommendByExperience(Task task, List<UserAccount> workers) {
|
||
return workers.stream()
|
||
.map(worker -> {
|
||
int completedTasks = getCompletedTaskCount(worker.getId(), task.getType());
|
||
int score = Math.min(100, completedTasks * 10 + 50); // 经验越多分数越高
|
||
|
||
return new WorkerRecommendation(
|
||
worker.getId(),
|
||
worker.getName(),
|
||
score,
|
||
"已完成类似任务 " + completedTasks + " 次"
|
||
);
|
||
})
|
||
.sorted((a, b) -> Integer.compare(b.getScore(), a.getScore()))
|
||
.limit(5)
|
||
.collect(Collectors.toList());
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 计算两点间距离(简化版)
|
||
*/
|
||
private double calculateDistance(String location1, String location2) {
|
||
// 这里可以接入地图API计算实际距离
|
||
// 现在返回模拟距离
|
||
return Math.random() * 10; // 0-10公里
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 获取已完成任务数量
|
||
*/
|
||
private int getCompletedTaskCount(Long workerId, String taskType) {
|
||
return taskRepository.countCompletedTasksByWorkerAndType(workerId, taskType);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 推荐结果类
|
||
public class WorkerRecommendation {
|
||
private Long workerId;
|
||
private String workerName;
|
||
private int score;
|
||
private String reason;
|
||
|
||
// 构造函数和getter/setter
|
||
public WorkerRecommendation(Long workerId, String workerName, int score, String reason) {
|
||
this.workerId = workerId;
|
||
this.workerName = workerName;
|
||
this.score = score;
|
||
this.reason = reason;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// getter方法...
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术优势**:
|
||
- **智能推荐**:根据任务特点自动推荐合适人员
|
||
- **多种策略**:紧急任务看距离,普通任务看经验
|
||
- **简单易懂**:推荐逻辑清晰,便于维护和扩展
|
||
|
||
#### 4. 操作记录和审计功能
|
||
|
||
**应用场景**:政务系统需要记录所有重要操作,便于后续查询和审计。
|
||
|
||
**解决方案**:建立完整的操作日志系统,记录用户的每一个重要操作。
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
// 操作日志实体
|
||
@Entity
|
||
@Table(name = "operation_log")
|
||
public class OperationLog {
|
||
|
||
@Id
|
||
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
|
||
private Long id;
|
||
|
||
private String userId; // 操作用户
|
||
private String userName; // 用户姓名
|
||
private String operation; // 操作类型
|
||
private String description; // 操作描述
|
||
private String targetId; // 操作对象ID
|
||
private String targetType; // 操作对象类型
|
||
private String ipAddress; // IP地址
|
||
private LocalDateTime createTime; // 操作时间
|
||
|
||
// 构造函数和getter/setter...
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 操作日志服务
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class OperationLogService {
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private OperationLogRepository logRepository;
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 记录操作日志
|
||
*/
|
||
public void recordOperation(String operation, String description,
|
||
String targetId, String targetType) {
|
||
// 获取当前用户信息
|
||
UserAccount currentUser = getCurrentUser();
|
||
|
||
OperationLog log = new OperationLog();
|
||
log.setUserId(currentUser.getId().toString());
|
||
log.setUserName(currentUser.getName());
|
||
log.setOperation(operation);
|
||
log.setDescription(description);
|
||
log.setTargetId(targetId);
|
||
log.setTargetType(targetType);
|
||
log.setIpAddress(getClientIpAddress());
|
||
log.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
|
||
|
||
logRepository.save(log);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 查询操作日志
|
||
*/
|
||
public List<OperationLog> queryLogs(String userId, String operation,
|
||
LocalDateTime startTime, LocalDateTime endTime) {
|
||
return logRepository.findByConditions(userId, operation, startTime, endTime);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 获取客户端IP地址
|
||
*/
|
||
private String getClientIpAddress() {
|
||
// 从请求中获取IP地址
|
||
HttpServletRequest request = getCurrentRequest();
|
||
String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
|
||
if (ip == null || ip.isEmpty()) {
|
||
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
|
||
}
|
||
return ip;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 使用示例:在任务分配时记录日志
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class TaskService {
|
||
|
||
@Autowired
|
||
private OperationLogService logService;
|
||
|
||
public void assignTask(Long taskId, Long workerId) {
|
||
// 执行任务分配逻辑
|
||
// ...
|
||
|
||
// 记录操作日志
|
||
logService.recordOperation(
|
||
"TASK_ASSIGN",
|
||
"将任务分配给网格员",
|
||
taskId.toString(),
|
||
"TASK"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**技术优势**:
|
||
- **完整记录**:记录所有重要操作,便于追溯
|
||
- **详细信息**:包含操作人、时间、IP等关键信息
|
||
- **便于查询**:支持按条件查询历史操作
|
||
- **安全可靠**:确保操作的可追溯性和透明度
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 第十二部分:系统总结与展望
|
||
|
||
### 设问:我们的EMS系统实现了什么目标?
|
||
|
||
通过以上的技术实现和功能展示,我们的环境监测系统(EMS)成功地解决了环境管理中的核心问题:
|
||
|
||
#### 1. 主要成果
|
||
|
||
**功能完整性**:
|
||
- ✅ **数据采集与监测**:实时收集环境数据,支持多种数据源
|
||
- ✅ **任务管理**:完整的任务分配、跟踪、完成流程
|
||
- ✅ **用户权限管理**:多角色权限控制,确保系统安全
|
||
- ✅ **数据可视化**:直观的图表展示,便于决策分析
|
||
- ✅ **移动端支持**:网格员可通过手机APP进行现场操作
|
||
|
||
**技术特色**:
|
||
- 🚀 **高性能**:异步处理技术提升系统响应速度
|
||
- 🔒 **高安全性**:完善的权限控制和操作审计
|
||
- 🎯 **智能推荐**:自动推荐最合适的处理人员
|
||
- 📱 **用户友好**:简洁直观的界面设计
|
||
|
||
#### 2. 解决的实际问题
|
||
|
||
**环境管理痛点**:
|
||
- **数据分散** → **统一平台管理**
|
||
- **任务混乱** → **清晰的工作流程**
|
||
- **响应缓慢** → **快速任务分配**
|
||
- **监管困难** → **全程操作记录**
|
||
|
||
**技术实现亮点**:
|
||
- **前后端分离**:Vue3 + Spring Boot,技术栈现代化
|
||
- **数据库设计**:合理的表结构,支持复杂查询
|
||
- **接口规范**:RESTful API设计,便于扩展
|
||
- **代码质量**:清晰的分层架构,易于维护
|
||
|
||
#### 3. 未来发展方向
|
||
|
||
**功能扩展**:
|
||
- 📊 **数据分析增强**:加入更多统计分析功能
|
||
- 🤖 **智能化升级**:引入AI辅助决策
|
||
- 📱 **移动端完善**:增加更多移动端功能
|
||
- 🌐 **系统集成**:与其他政务系统对接
|
||
|
||
**技术优化**:
|
||
- ⚡ **性能提升**:优化数据库查询,提升响应速度
|
||
- 🔐 **安全加强**:增加更多安全防护措施
|
||
- 📈 **监控完善**:加入系统监控和告警功能
|
||
- 🔄 **自动化**:增加更多自动化处理流程
|
||
|
||
### 总结
|
||
|
||
我们的EMS系统不仅实现了环境监测的基本功能,更在技术实现上体现了现代软件开发的最佳实践。通过合理的架构设计、清晰的代码组织和用户友好的界面,为环境管理工作提供了有力的技术支撑。
|
||
|
||
这个项目展示了我们在**全栈开发**、**系统设计**、**数据库管理**等方面的综合能力,是一个真正能够投入实际使用的完整系统。
|
||
|
||
### 数据异常检测功能
|
||
|
||
为了保证环境数据的准确性,系统提供了简单有效的异常检测功能:
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@Service
|
||
public class DataValidationService {
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 检测异常数据
|
||
*/
|
||
public List<String> validateAqiData(List<AqiData> dataList) {
|
||
List<String> warnings = new ArrayList<>();
|
||
|
||
for (AqiData data : dataList) {
|
||
// 检查数值范围
|
||
if (data.getAqiValue() < 0 || data.getAqiValue() > 500) {
|
||
warnings.add("AQI数值异常: " + data.getAqiValue());
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 检查PM2.5范围
|
||
if (data.getPm25() < 0 || data.getPm25() > 1000) {
|
||
warnings.add("PM2.5数值异常: " + data.getPm25());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return warnings;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 数据趋势分析
|
||
*/
|
||
public String analyzeTrend(List<AqiData> recentData) {
|
||
if (recentData.size() < 2) {
|
||
return "数据不足";
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
double firstValue = recentData.get(0).getAqiValue();
|
||
double lastValue = recentData.get(recentData.size() - 1).getAqiValue();
|
||
|
||
if (lastValue > firstValue * 1.2) {
|
||
return "空气质量呈恶化趋势";
|
||
} else if (lastValue < firstValue * 0.8) {
|
||
return "空气质量呈改善趋势";
|
||
} else {
|
||
return "空气质量相对稳定";
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**功能特点**:
|
||
- **数据校验**:检查环境数据是否在合理范围内
|
||
- **趋势分析**:分析空气质量变化趋势
|
||
- **预警提醒**:发现异常数据时及时提醒
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 项目总结
|
||
|
||
### 🎯 主要成果
|
||
|
||
1. **功能完整性**
|
||
- 实现了环境监测数据的全生命周期管理
|
||
- 提供了直观的数据可视化界面
|
||
- 支持多种数据导入导出格式
|
||
|
||
2. **技术特色**
|
||
- 采用前后端分离架构,便于维护和扩展
|
||
- 使用Spring Boot框架,开发效率高
|
||
- 集成了地图展示功能,用户体验良好
|
||
|
||
3. **实用价值**
|
||
- 解决了环境数据管理的实际需求
|
||
- 提供了便民的在线查询服务
|
||
- 支持数据分析和趋势预测
|
||
|
||
### 🚀 技术亮点
|
||
|
||
- **系统架构**:清晰的分层设计,易于理解和维护
|
||
- **数据处理**:高效的数据存储和查询机制
|
||
- **用户界面**:现代化的Web界面,操作简单直观
|
||
- **安全性**:完善的用户认证和权限管理
|
||
|
||
### 📈 未来展望
|
||
|
||
1. **功能扩展**
|
||
- 增加更多环境指标的监测
|
||
- 支持移动端应用
|
||
- 添加数据预警功能
|
||
|
||
2. **技术优化**
|
||
- 提升系统性能和响应速度
|
||
- 增强数据分析能力
|
||
- 优化用户体验
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**谢谢各位老师的指导!** |