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ChuXun
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.env
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.env
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COURSE_LIST_URL="https://v18.teachermate.cn/wechat-pro-ssr/student/coursewareinfo?courseid=1426436&openid=6147b5f556d2cf7afe0dcc6da35f8af9"
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COURSE_BUTTON_LOCATOR_XPATH="//*[@class='aK9HC-ZsTCNapKFaNj5fN']/button"
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284
downloader.py
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downloader.py
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import os
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import time
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import requests
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import random
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from urllib.parse import urlparse, unquote, quote
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from dotenv import load_dotenv # <--- 新增导入
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from selenium import webdriver
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from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
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from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
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from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
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from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
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from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
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from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException
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# --- 从 .env 文件加载环境变量 ---
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load_dotenv()
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# --- 从环境变量中读取配置 ---
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COURSE_LIST_URL = os.getenv("COURSE_LIST_URL")
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COURSE_BUTTON_LOCATOR_XPATH = os.getenv("COURSE_BUTTON_LOCATOR_XPATH")
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# 检查环境变量是否成功加载
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if not COURSE_LIST_URL or not COURSE_BUTTON_LOCATOR_XPATH:
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print("错误：请确保 .env 文件存在于脚本相同目录下，")
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print("并且其中包含 COURSE_LIST_URL 和 COURSE_BUTTON_LOCATOR_XPATH 变量。")
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exit()
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# --- 主程序 ---
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def setup_driver():
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"""初始化并返回一个Chrome WebDriver实例"""
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print("正在设置浏览器驱动...")
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service = Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())
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driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
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driver.implicitly_wait(5)
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return driver
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def try_fix_url(url, expected_filename):
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"""尝试根据期望的文件名修复URL中的文件名部分，并正确处理URL编码
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Args:
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url: 原始URL（可能已被错误解码）
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expected_filename: 期望的文件名
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Returns:
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修复后的URL（正确编码）
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"""
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if not expected_filename:
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return url
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# 从URL中提取基础部分和文件名部分
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# 例如: https://app.teachermate.com.cn/9cdLn-1693370741604-Chapter One From C to C .ppt
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# 分解为: https://app.teachermate.com.cn/ + 9cdLn-1693370741604- + Chapter One From C to C .ppt
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try:
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# 找到最后一个 '-' 之前的部分
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last_dash_idx = url.rfind('-')
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if last_dash_idx > 0:
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# 获取URL的前缀部分（包含ID）
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prefix = url[:last_dash_idx + 1]
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# 从期望文件名中提取实际文件名（去掉前面的K编号）
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# 例如: K0002-1-1 Chapter One From C to C++.ppt -> Chapter One From C to C++.ppt
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filename_parts = expected_filename.split()
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actual_filename = None
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for i, part in enumerate(filename_parts):
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if not part.startswith('K') or i > 0:
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actual_filename = ' '.join(filename_parts[i:])
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break
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if actual_filename:
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# 正确编码文件名：
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# 1. 先对整个文件名进行URL编码（+会变成%2B）
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# 2. 然后将%20替换为+（这是URL中空格的标准表示）
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encoded_filename = quote(actual_filename, safe='.')
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# 将空格的编码%20替换为+
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encoded_filename = encoded_filename.replace('%20', '+')
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# 构建新的URL
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fixed_url = prefix + encoded_filename
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return fixed_url
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except Exception as e:
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print(f" URL修复失败: {e}")
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return url
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def download_file(session, url, headers, directory=".", expected_filename=None):
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"""使用requests库下载文件
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Args:
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session: requests会话对象
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url: 下载链接
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headers: 请求头
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directory: 保存目录
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expected_filename: 期望的文件名（从课件名称中提取），如果提供则优先使用
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"""
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try:
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# 如果提供了期望的文件名，使用它；否则从URL中提取
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if expected_filename:
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meaningful_name = expected_filename
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print(f"准备下载文件: {meaningful_name} (使用课件原始名称)")
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else:
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path = urlparse(url).path
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filename = unquote(os.path.basename(path))
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clean_filename = filename.split('?')[0]
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try:
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meaningful_name = clean_filename.split('-')[-1]
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except:
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meaningful_name = clean_filename
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print(f"准备下载文件: {meaningful_name}")
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response = session.get(url, stream=True, headers=headers)
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response.raise_for_status()
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filepath = os.path.join(directory, meaningful_name)
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with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
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for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
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f.write(chunk)
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print(f"成功下载并保存文件到: {filepath}\n")
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return True
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except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
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# 特别处理403和404错误，重新抛出以便上层捕获
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if e.response is not None and e.response.status_code in [403, 404]:
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raise e # 重新抛出异常
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print(f"下载文件时出错: {e}\n")
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return False
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"处理文件时发生未知错误: {e}\n")
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return False
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def main():
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driver = setup_driver()
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try:
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print(f"正在访问页面: {COURSE_LIST_URL}")
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driver.get(COURSE_LIST_URL)
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# --- 使用从 .env 文件读取的定位符 ---
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course_button_locator = (By.XPATH, COURSE_BUTTON_LOCATOR_XPATH)
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WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
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EC.presence_of_element_located(course_button_locator)
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)
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user_agent = driver.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
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course_buttons = driver.find_elements(*course_button_locator)
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num_courses = len(course_buttons)
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print(f"检测到 {num_courses} 个课件，准备开始处理...")
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session = requests.Session()
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for cookie in driver.get_cookies():
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session.cookies.set(cookie['name'], cookie['value'])
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for i in range(num_courses):
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course_buttons = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
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EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(course_button_locator)
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)
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button = course_buttons[i]
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course_name = button.text.strip().replace('\n', ' ') if button.text.strip() else f"课件 {i+1}"
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print(f"--- 正在处理第 {i+1}/{num_courses} 个课件: {course_name} ---")
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# 从课件名称中提取实际文件名（去掉前面的ID和状态标记）
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# 例如："K0002-1-1 Chapter One From C to C++.ppt 已读 Chapter One From C to C++.ppt"
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# 提取最后一个部分作为文件名
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parts = course_name.split()
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# 找到文件扩展名的位置
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expected_filename = None
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for idx, part in enumerate(parts):
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if part.lower().endswith(('.ppt', '.pptx', '.pdf', '.doc', '.docx', '.xls', '.xlsx')):
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# 从这个位置开始往前找，直到遇到"已读"或"未读"
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start_idx = 0
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for j in range(idx, -1, -1):
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if parts[j] in ['已读', '未读']:
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start_idx = j + 1
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break
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expected_filename = ' '.join(parts[start_idx:idx+1])
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break
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print(f"提取的文件名: {expected_filename}")
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try:
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driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", button)
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print("已点击课件按钮，等待操作菜单弹出...")
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preview_button_locator = (By.XPATH, "//span[text()='预览课件']")
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preview_button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
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EC.element_to_be_clickable(preview_button_locator)
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)
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driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", preview_button)
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print("已点击“预览课件”选项。")
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print("正在当前页面寻找预览iframe...")
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iframe_locator = (By.XPATH, "//iframe[contains(@src, 'ow365.cn')]")
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iframe_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
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EC.presence_of_element_located(iframe_locator)
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)
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ow365_url = iframe_element.get_attribute('src')
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print("成功找到预览URL。")
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modified_url = ow365_url.replace("ssl=1", "ssl=0")
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print("修改URL并正在访问...")
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driver.get(modified_url)
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print("正在从页面文本中提取最终下载链接...")
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url_div_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div[style='color:red']")
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url_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
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EC.presence_of_element_located(url_div_locator)
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)
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full_download_link = url_element.text.strip()
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headers = { 'User-Agent': user_agent, 'Referer': modified_url }
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# ==================================================================
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# vv 最终决定性测试 vv
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# ==================================================================
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# 1. 优先尝试直链（删除参数）
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clean_url = full_download_link.split('?')[0]
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print("\n>>> 正在尝试直链（删除参数）下载...")
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print(f" 将要访问的URL: {clean_url}")
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try:
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# 尝试使用无参数的URL下载，并传入期望的文件名
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download_succeeded = download_file(session, clean_url, headers, expected_filename=expected_filename)
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if not download_succeeded:
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# 如果下载失败但不是403，也打印一下信息
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print(" 您指定的方法下载失败，但错误不是403。")
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except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
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# 如果是因为403错误而失败，证明此路不通
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if e.response is not None and e.response.status_code == 403:
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print(">>> 正在自动切换到备用方案（保留参数）进行重试...")
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# 2. 备用方案：使用完整的带有签名参数的URL重试
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try:
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download_file(session, full_download_link, headers, expected_filename=expected_filename)
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except Exception as retry_error:
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print(f" 备用方案也失败了: {retry_error}")
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elif e.response is not None and e.response.status_code == 404:
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# 404错误，尝试修复URL
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print(">>> 检测到404错误，尝试修复URL...")
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fixed_url = try_fix_url(clean_url, expected_filename)
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if fixed_url != clean_url:
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print(f" 修复后的URL: {fixed_url}")
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try:
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download_file(session, fixed_url, headers, expected_filename=expected_filename)
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except Exception as fix_error:
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print(f" 修复后的URL仍然无法下载: {fix_error}")
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print(f" 跳过此文件。")
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else:
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print(" 无法修复URL，跳过此文件。")
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else:
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# 如果是其他网络错误
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print(f" 您指定的方法下载时遇到未知网络错误: {e}")
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except (TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException) as e:
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print(f"处理课件 '{course_name}' 时出错: {e}")
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print("跳过此课件，继续下一个...")
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finally:
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print("正在返回课程列表页面...")
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driver.get(COURSE_LIST_URL)
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sleep_time = random.uniform(1, 2)
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print(f"暂停 {sleep_time:.2f} 秒...")
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time.sleep(sleep_time)
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finally:
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print("所有任务已完成，即将关闭浏览器。")
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time.sleep(5)
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driver.quit()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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